集成電路車間對環境的控制有較為嚴格的要求。不同的工藝制程對潔凈度的要求也各不相同，例如光刻要求在1級的微環境下，而化學機械研磨則只要求1000級的環境即可。

集成(cheng)電路車間(jian)相關(guan)分類

①.按功能(neng)結構分

集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，又(you)稱(cheng)為IC，按其功能、結(jie)構的(de)不同，可以分為模(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、數(shu)字集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和數(shu)/模(mo)混合集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)三大類。模(mo)擬(ni)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)又(you)稱(cheng)線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),用來(lai)產(chan)生、放(fang)大和處(chu)理各(ge)種模(mo)擬(ni)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)（指(zhi)幅度隨時(shi)(shi)間變(bian)化(hua)的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。例(li)如半導體收音機(ji)(ji)的(de)音頻信(xin)號(hao)(hao)、錄放(fang)機(ji)(ji)的(de)磁帶信(xin)號(hao)(hao)等），其輸入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)和輸出信(xin)號(hao)(hao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)比例(li)關系。而數(shu)字集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)用來(lai)產(chan)生、放(fang)大和處(chu)理各(ge)種數(shu)字信(xin)號(hao)(hao)（指(zhi)在時(shi)(shi)間上和幅度上離(li)散取值的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。例(li)如5G手機(ji)(ji)、數(shu)碼相機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦CPU、數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)(dian)視的(de)邏輯(ji)控制和重放(fang)的(de)音頻信(xin)號(hao)(hao)和視頻信(xin)號(hao)(hao)）。

  ②.按制作工藝分(fen)

集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)按制(zhi)作工藝(yi)可分為半導體(ti)集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)和(he)(he)膜(mo)集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)。膜(mo)集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)又(you)分類厚膜(mo)集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)和(he)(he)薄膜(mo)集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)。

  ③.按集成度高低(di)分(fen)

集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)按集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度高(gao)低的不同可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)：SSIC 小規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、MSIC 中規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、LSIC 大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、VLSIC 超(chao)大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、ULSIC特(te)大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、GSIC 巨大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也被(bei)稱作規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或超(chao)特(te)大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。

  ④.按(an)導電類型(xing)不同分

集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)按導電(dian)類型(xing)(xing)可分為雙(shuang)極(ji)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)和單(dan)極(ji)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，他們都是(shi)數字集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)。雙(shuang)極(ji)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的制作工藝(yi)復(fu)雜，功耗較大(da)，代表集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有TTL、ECL、HTL、LST-TL、STTL等(deng)類型(xing)(xing)。單(dan)極(ji)型(xing)(xing)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的制作工藝(yi)簡單(dan)，功耗也較低，易于制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)規模集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，代表集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有CMOS、NMOS、PMOS等(deng)類型(xing)(xing)。

  ⑤.按用途分

集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)按用途可分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機(ji)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、音響用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、影碟機(ji)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、錄像機(ji)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦（微機(ji)）用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子琴(qin)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、通信用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、照相機(ji)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、遙(yao)控集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、語言集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、報警器(qi)用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及各種(zhong)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

  ⑥.按應用領域分

集成電路(lu)按應用(yong)領域可分為標(biao)準(zhun)通用(yong)集成電路(lu)和(he)集成電路(lu)。

  ⑦.按外形分

集(ji)成電(dian)路按外(wai)形(xing)(xing)可分為(wei)圓形(xing)(xing)（金屬外(wai)殼晶體管(guan)封裝型，一般(ban)適(shi)合用于大功率）、扁平(ping)型（穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)好，體積小）和雙列直插型。